Marriage Reforms of Religious Reformers in Early Modern Europe

Lanxing ZHANG

Abstract


The Reformation in the 16-17th century was in a transition period from Middle age to Modern time. During this time, politics, economy, religion and culture developed rapidly. Through the Reformation, people were liberated from control of church and diadem, and some new credos of ethic and morality were constituted. The marriage reform was one of many reform projects by religious reformers, who presented their opinions on marriage and made their own marriage become true. Their married practice made a big blow on the celibacy of Catholic. The marriage reform which was proposed by reformers affected the development of matrimony in Europe, and it was an important progress in the history of human marriage. However, the statuses of women were still lower, and the reformers also emphasized patriarchy, which was a shortage of the reformation in marriage.


Keywords


The reformation; Religious reformers; Marriage; Europe

Full Text:

PDF

References


Balke, W. (1999). Calvin and the Anabaptist Radicals. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers.

Bouwsma, W. J. (2000). The Waning of the Renaissance 1550-1640. New Haven, CT & London, UK: Yale University Press.

Burghartz, S. (2004). Ordering Discourse and Society: Moral Politica, Marriage, and Fornication during the Reformation and the Confessionalization Process in Germany and Switzerland. In H. Toodenburg & P. Spierenburg (Eds.), Social Control in Europe, Volume 1, 1500-1800. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Press.

Calvin, J. (1995). Institutes of the Christian Religion. (F. L. Battles, Trans.). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing.

Calvin, J. (2008). Institutes of the Christian Religion. (H. Beveridge, Trans.). Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.

Clark, E. A. (Ed.). (1996). St. Augustine on Marriage and Sexuality. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press.

Collinson, P. (1988). The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religious and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Dennis, C. T. (2003). Women, Sex and the Bible: The Secret to Sexual Happiness. Maitland, FL: Xulon Press.

Elliot, D. (1993). Spiritual Marriage: Sexual Abstinence in Medieval Wedlock. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Garton, S. (2014). Histories of Sexuality: Antiquity to Sexual Revolution. London & New York: Routledge.

Gritsch, E. W. (2006). Thomas Muntzer: A Tragedy of Errors. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.

Guthrie, S. C. (1994). Christian Doctrine. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.

Hottinger, J. J. (1856). The Life and Times of Ulric Zwingli. Harrisburg, PA: Theo. F. Scheffer.

Irvin, D. T. (2017). The Protestant Reformation and World Christianity: Global Perspectives. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

Lin, Z. Z. (1997). Religious Asceticism in Medieval Western Europe and Its Historical Influence. Journal of Historical Science, 5.

Lindberg, C. (2002). The Reformation Theologians: An Introduction to Theology in the Early Modern Period. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Luebke, D. M., & Lindemann, M. (2014). Mixed Matches: Transgressive Unions in Germany from the Reformation to the Enlightenment. New York, NY: Berghahn.

Luther, M. (2016). To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Improvement of the Christian Estate. (J. M. Estes & T. J. Wengert, Eds.). Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.

Mansch, L. D., & Peters, C. H. (2016). Martin Luther: The Life and Lessons. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.

Mason, R. A. (2004). John Konx on Rebellion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

McNeill, J. T. (1967). The History and Character of Calvinism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Oberman, H. A. (2003). The Two Reformations: The Journey from the Last Days to the New World. New Haven, CT & London, UK: Yale University Press.

Olsen, V. N. (1971). The New Testament Logia on Divorce: A Study of their Interpretation from Erasmus to Milton. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers.

Pauck, W. (1969). Melanchthon and Bucer. Philadelphia, PA: The Westminster Press.

Petersen, W. J. (1997). 25 Surprising Marriages: How Great Christians Struggled to Make Their Marriage Work. Morgantown, PA: Masthof Press.

Picken, S. D. B. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Calvinism. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press.

Plato. (1888). The Timaeus of Plato. London, UK: Macmillan.

Porter, D., & Prince, D. (2003). Frommer’s Rome. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing.

Reynolds, P. L. (2016). How Marriage Became One of the Sacraments: The Sacramental Theology of Marriage from Its Medieval Origins to the Council of Trent. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Schaff, P. (1888). History of the Christian Church: Modern Christianity. The German Reformation, A.D. 1517-1530. (Vol. 7). Edinburgh, UK: T. & T. Clark.

Snyder, P. (1992). The European Women’s Almanac. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Synnott, A. (2002). The Body Social: Symbolism, Self and Society. London & New York: Routledge.

Wiesner, M. E. (2019). Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Witte, J. (2012). From Sacrament to Contract: Marriage, Religion, and Law in the Western Tradition. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.

Zhang, L. X. (2005). Reformation and Marriage Transformation in Europe (Master’s Thesis). Sichuan University, China.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/13300

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Cross-Cultural Communication

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Share us to:   

Reminder

  • How to do online submission to another Journal?
  • If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:

1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author

  • Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.

2. Submission

Online Submission: http://cscanada.org/index.php/ccc/submission/wizard

  • Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.
  • We only use four mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases: caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.org

 Articles published in Cross-Cultural Communication are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).

 CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Editorial Office

Address: 1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138 
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org 
E-mail:caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net

Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture