The Dynamics of Inter Group Relations in Pre-Colonial Nigeria: Nupe Activities in Etsakoland C. 1860-1897

Eddy O. Erhagbe

Abstract


A point that is not often emphasized in Nigeria’s history is the high level of interaction that existed among different groups in the country in pre-colonial times. This study brings to the fore the circumstances that brought the Nupe to Etsakoland and how they greatly influenced the lives of the people, with emphasis on the sociopolitical sphere. Among other things, the Nupe suzerainty in the area changed the political tenor of the people by introducing centralized monarchical authority, a new title system and taxation. In the social sphere, Islam with its attendant practices got introduced to Etsakoland. Some of the introduced practices now became well entrenched among the Etsako people. Etsakoland was still undergoing transition when the British came and now also infl uenced the lives of the people. The features of the Etsako society of today reflect the amalgam of both the indigenously evolved ones and those introduced through foreign contacts, starting with the Nupe. The interaction between the Nupe from the Middle Belt part of Nigeria and the Etsako of South-South Nigeria exemplifies the level of interaction among Nigerian peoples in the Pre-British days.

Key words: Jihad; Islam; Etsako; Nupe

Résumé Un point qui n’est pas souvent souligné dans l’histoire du Nigéria est le niveau élevé d’interaction qui existait entre les différents groupes dans le pays dans la période précoloniale. Cette étude met en évidence les circonstances qui ont amené les Nupe à Etsakoland et comment ils ont grandement influencé la vie des gens, en mettant l’accent sur la sphère socio-politique. Entre autres choses, la suzeraineté Nupe dans la région a changé la teneur politique du peuple par l’introduction de l’autorité monarchique centralisé, un système nouveau titre et de la fi scalité. Dans le domaine social, l’Islam avec ses pratiques concomitantes été présenté à Etsakoland. Certaines des pratiques introduites maintenant devenu bien ancrée parmi les gens Etsako. Etsakoland était encore en phase de transition où les Britanniques sont venus et maintenant aussi infl uencé la vie des gens. Les caractéristiques de la société d’aujourd'hui refl ètent Etsako l’amalgame des deux les localement évolué et celles introduites par contacts à l’étranger, en commençant par le Nupe. L’interaction entre les Nupe de la partie Middle Belt du Nigeria et le Etsako Sud-Sud du Nigeria illustre bien le niveau de l’interaction entre les peuples nigérians dans les jours pré-britanniques.

Mots clés: Jihad; L’islam; Etsako; Nupe


Keywords


Jihad; Islam; Etsako; Nupe



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.css.1923669720120802.1678

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