The Effects of Demographic Characteristics on Employees’ Motivation to Participate in the In-Service Training Courses based on the Modified Expectancy Theory

Mohammad Reza Jalilvand, Farhad Ebrahimabadi

Abstract


Modified expectancy theory provided a useful framework for assessing employee behavior in learning, decision-making, and motivation. The purpose of current study is to determine the effects of demographic characteristics on employees’ motivation based on the modified expectancy theory. Population was the employees of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company in Isfahan and Kurdistan. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis. Finding reveals that the type of employment influences expectancy, intrinsic instrumentality, extrinsic valence, and motivation of employees for participating in the in-service training courses in the oil industry setting. Additionally, employee’s education influenced widely extrinsic instrumentality.
Key words: Modified expectancy theory; Demographic characteristics; Motivation

Résumé: La théorie de l'espérance de modification/de la mise à jour a fourni un cadre utile pour évaluer le comportement des employés dans l'apprentissage, la prise de décision, et la motivation. Le but de l'étude présente est de déterminer les effets des caractéristiques démographiques sur la motivation des salariés fondée sur la théorie de l'espérance de modification. Les sujets d'étude sont les employés de la Compagnie nationale iranienne de la distribution des produits pétroliers à Ispahan et Kurdistan. L'analyse multivariée de la variance (ANMDVA) a été utilisée pour l'analyse des données. Le résultat révèle que le type d'emploi influe sur l'espérance, l'instrumentalité intrinsèque, la valence extrinsèque, et la motivation des employés à participer aux cours de formation en service dans le cadre de l'industrie pétrolière. De plus, la formation des employés a une grande influence sur l'instrumentalité extrinsèque.
Mots-clés: Théorie de l'espérance de modification; Caractéristiques démographiques; Motivation

Keywords


Modified expectancy theory; Demographic characteristics; Motivation;Théorie de l'espérance de modification; Caractéristiques démographiques; Motivation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Brownell, P., McInnes, M. (1986). Budgetary Participation, Motivation, and Managerial Performance. The Accountimg Review, LXI(4), 587–600.

Burns, A. C., & Bush, R. F. (1995). Marketing Research. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Campbell, J.P., Dunnette, M.D., Lawler, E.E., Weick, K.E. (1970). Managerial Behavior, Performance, and Effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Chen, Y., Lou, H. (2002). Toward an Understanding of the Behavioral Intention to Use a Groupware Application. Journal of End User Computing, 14, 1–16.

Chiang, C. F. and Jang, S. C. (2008). An Expectancy Theory Model for Hotel Employee Motivation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27, 313–322.

Gavin, J.F. (1970). Ability, Effort, and Role Perception as Antecedents of Job Performance. Experimental publication system, manuscript number 190A. APA, Washington, DC.

Green, S. and Salkind, N. (2005). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice-Hall.

Hackman, J.R., Porter, L.W. (1968). Expectancy Theory Predictions of Work Effectiveness. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 417–426.

Hair, J.F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R.L., and Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed). Upper Saddle River.

House, R. J. (1971). A Path Theory of Leader Effectiveness. Administrative Sciences Quarterly, 16(3), 321–338.

Jiambalvo, J. (1979). Performance Evaluation and Directed Job Effort: Model Development and Analysis in a CPA Firm Setting. Journal of Accounting Research, 17(2), 437–455.

Landy, F.J. (1989). Psycology of Work Behavior (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

Lawler, E.E. (1994). Motivation in Work Organisations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers.

Lawler, E.E. (1968). A Corelational-Causal and of the Relationship between Expectancy and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2, 122–142.

Lawler, E.E., Porter, L.W. (1967). Antecedent Attitudes of Effective Managerial Performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 2, 122–142.

Locke, E.A. (1968). Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3(May), 157-189.

Loewenstein, G. (1999). Because it is there: the Challenge of Mountaining for Utility Theory. Kyklos, 52(3), 315-343.

Mischel, W. (1968). Personality and Assessment. New York, NY: Wiley.

Osterloh, M., Frey, B. and Frost, J. (2002). The Dynamics of Motivation of New Organizational Forms. International Journal of Economics and Business, 9(1), 61-77.

Porter, L.W., Lawler, E.E. (1968). Managerial Attitudes and Performance. Homewood, ILL: Irwin.

Rockness, H.O. (1977). Expectancy Theory in a Budgetary Setting: an Experimental Examination. The Accounting Review, 52(4), 893–903.

Ronen, J., Livingstone, J.L. (1975). An Expectancy Theory Approach to the Motivational Impacts of Budgets. The Accounting Review, 50(4), 671–685.

Rowley, J. (1996). Motivation and Academic Staff In Higher Education. Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 4, 11-16.

Ryan, R.M. and Deci, E.L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67.

Sansone, C. and Harackiewicz, J.M. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Schein, E.H. (1980). Organizational Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Selden, S.C. and Brewer, G.A. (2000). Work Motivation in the Senior Executive Service: Testing the High Performance Cycle Theory. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(3), 531-550.

Shaver, K.G. and Scott, L.R. (1991). Person, Process, Choice: the Psychology of New Venture Creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2), 23-45.

Simons, T., Enz, C.A. (1995). Motivating Hotel Employees. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 20–27.

Siu, V., Tsang, N., Wong, S. (1997). What Motivates Hong Kong’s Hotel Employees? The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 38(5), 44–49.

Tien, F.F. (2000). To What Degree does the Desire for Promotion Motivate Faculty to Perform Research? Testing the expectancy theory. Research in Higher Education, 41(6), 723–752.

Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., De Witte, H., Feather, N.T. (2005). Understanding Unemployed People’S Job Search Behavior, Unemployment Experience and Well-Being: a Comparison of Expectancy-Value Theory and Self-Determination Theory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(2), 268–286.

Van Yperen, N.W. and Hagedoorn, M. (2003). Do High Job Demands Increase Intrinsic Motivation or Job Strain or Both? The Role of Job Control and Social Support. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 339-348.

Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley.

Wong, S., Siu, V., Tsang, N. (1999). The Impact of Demographic Factors on Hong Kong Hotel Employees’ Choice of Job-Related Motivators. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(5), 230–241.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.css.1923669720110703.024

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c)



Reminder

  • How to do online submission to another Journal?
  • If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:

1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author

  • Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.

2. Submission

Online Submission: http://cscanada.org/index.php/css/submission/wizard

  • Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.
  • We only use four mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases: caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.org

 Articles published in Canadian Social Science are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).

 

Canadian Social Science Editorial Office

Address: 1020 Bouvier Street, Suite 400, Quebec City, Quebec, G2K 0K9, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138 
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org 
E-mail:caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net

Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture