Two Decades of Nigeria’s Nascent Democracy: An Assessment
Abstract
Two decades of democracy in Nigeria makes it sufficiently matured for an assessment. This paper takes a cursory look at the performance of democracy in the last two decades to determine whether it is moving towards sustenance and consolidation. A number of barometers were considered which are critical to well-known canons of democracy. The paper however infers that governing elites need to do more if the masses of the people will be a catalyst to democratic sustenance and consolidation as the performance of democracy vis-à-vis development in all ramifications is nothing to write home about for now in the country.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abaga, H. I. (2021). The Role of Media in Nigeria’s Democracy. Transcontinental Times. https://www.transcontinentaltimes.com/the-role-of-media-in-nigerias-democracy/
Abu, E. (2023). Role of Media in Deepening Democracy, Thisday, January 1. https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/01/01/role-of-media-in-deepening-democracy/
Achi, V. A. (2022). Understanding Corruption in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Aristotle’s Mean Theory Thesis. International Journal of Innovative Legal & Political Studies, 10(2), 54-70.
Adelabu, N. S. G. (2021). The Manifestations of Grand Corruption in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic and its Implication on National Development. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration, 9(2), 1-14.
Adesote, S., & Abimbola, J. (2012). Corruption and National Development in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: A Historical Discourse. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CORRUPTION-AND-NATIONAL-DEVELOPMENT-IN-NIGERIA%27S-A-Adesote-Abimbola/19f28214de0298115336e7967e5d0f12d4b12840
Alkali, A. (2020). NDDC: The Untouchable Pot of Corruption that Defies all Solutions- Sahara Reporters. The July 22 2010. http:// Saharareporters.com/2020/07/22/nddc-unctouchable-pot-defies-all-soultions-de-abubakar-ali
Alozieuwa, S. H. O. (2012). The Media and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: An Overview of Government–Media Relations, 1999–2009. Journal of African Media Studies, 4(3), 377-393.
Anyim, P. A. (2019). How Gowon, Others Saved Obasanjo From Impeachment – Anyim. Sahara Reporters, July 29. https://saharareporters.com/2019/07/29/how-gowon-others-saved-obasanjo-impeachment-%E2%80%93-anyim
Attah, A. P., Baba, E., & Haruna, P. O. (2019). Corruption and Its Impact on the Socio-Economic Development of Nigeria. Journal of Good Governance and Sustainable Development in Africa (JGGSDA), 4(4).
Baker B. (2000). ‘Can Democracy in Africa be sustained?’ Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 38(3).
Bassey, C. O. (2006). Legislature-Executive Relations and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria. In Ojo, O. E. (Ed.), Challenges of Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria (pp. 128-154). John Archers (Publishers).
Chabal, P. (Ed.). (1980). Political Domination in Africa: Reflections on the Limits of Power. Cambridge University Press.
Chinnah, P. C. (2020). Corruption and Insecurity in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Analyses (1999-2019). Journal of African Studies and Sustainable Development, 3(7), 62-74.
Dahl, R. (1989). Democracy and its Critics. New Haven, Yale University Press.
Decalo, S. (1992). The Prospects and Constraints of Democratization in Africa. African Affairs, 91.
Diamond, L. (1992). Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered. In Gany M. & Diamond L. (Eds.), Re-examining Democracy: Essays in honour of Seymour Martin Lipset. Sage.
Ebiri, K. (2020). Again NDCC entangled in Web of Scandals. The Guardian, May 17. https://m.guardian.ng/Saturday-Magazine/over/again/nddc-entangled-in-web-of-scandals
Economic and Financial Crime Commission Act, Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2004).
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Annual Report. (2012).
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Annual Report. (2013).
Enweremadu, D. U. (2010). Anti-Corruption Policies in Nigeria Under Obasanjo and Yar´adua: What do we do after 2011? Discussion Paper. Abuja: Friedrich Ebert.
Harris, P. B. (1970). Studies in African Politics. Hutchinson University Library.
Huntington, S. P. (1991). The Third Wave of Democratization in the late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Ilelah, B. S. (2021). Role of Media Profession in Nigerian Democracy. The Guardian, December 21, Lagos.
Irabor, L. (General). (2002). Contemporary Security Environment and National Development: Efforts of the Armed Forces of Nigeria. Lecture delivered at the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, Lagos, Nigeria.
Jiang, G. (2017). Corruption Control in Post-Reform China: A Social Censure Perspective. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/978-981-10-4049-8
Kapur, A. C. (2006). Principles of Political Science. New Delhi, India, S. Chand and Company Limited.
Kazir, A. J. (Major General). (2010). National Security: Theoretical Perspectives. In M. D. Yusuff (Ed.), The Military, the Media and Nigeria’s National Security. Gold Press Limited.
Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy and its Critics. New Haven, Yale University Press.
Maier, K. (2000). Midnight in Nigeria. Nigeria at Forty, 15(14), Lagos, October 9.
May R. (2000). The Limits of Democracy in Commonwealth Africa. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 38(3), November.
McNair, B. (2011). Introduction to Political Communication. Routledge.
Moore B. (1996). Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: and Peasant in the making of the Modern World. Beacon.
Morris, S. D. (2011). Forms of Corruption. CESIFO. DICE Report, Ifo Institute. Lelbniz Institute for Economics.
Nwaolikpe, O. N. (2018). The Mass Media and National Development: The Case of ‘Baby Factory’ Activities in Nigeria. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities.
Nwolise, O. B. C. (2002). Ige: Time to redefine Nigeria’s concept of National Security and Reconstruct its Management Strategy and System. Public Lecture delivered in honour of Late Chief Ajibola James Ige, Nigeria’s former Attorney General and Minister of Justice.
Nzongola-Ntalaja, G. (Year). The Democracy in Africa So Far. Newsletter of the Social Science Academy of Nigeria, 4(1), Kaduna, Nigeria.
Ogbunwezeh, E. F. (2005). Nigeria’s War on Corruption and Prevailing Ontologies. Retrieved from http://nigeriaworld.com/article/2005 on 1/4/2020.
Ogundiya, I. S. (2009). Political Corruption in Nigeria: Theoretical Perspectives and Some Explanations. Anthropologist, 11(4), 281-292.
Ojo, E. O. (2006). Imperatives of Sustaining Democratic Values. In Ojo (Ed.), Challenges of Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria. John Archers (Publishers) Limited.
Ojo, J. (2020). Magu’s travails and EFCC controversial chairmen, Punch, July 8.
Ojo, O. E. (2009). Dividends of Democracy in Nigeria: Myth or Reality? In I. O. Albert (Ed.), Praxis of Political Concepts and Clichés in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic.
Okolie, A. M. (2022). Building the Democratic Culture in Africa: The gains and the pains, Distinguished Persons Lecture Series 5. National Institute for Security Studies (NISS).
Okolie, A. M., Nnamani, K. E., Ezirim, G. E., Enyiazu, C., & Ozor, A. C. (2021). Does Liberal Democracy Promote Economic Development? Interrogating Electoral Cost and Development Trade-off in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2021.1918370.
Oni, M. A., & Sadeeq, W. (2018). Explaining the Dynamics of Executive-Legislature Relationship: The Buhari Presidency. In Ojo, O. E. (Ed.), The Legislature and Governance in Nigeria: A Festschrift for Emeritus Professor John A. A. Ayoade.
Osaghae, E. E. (2022). Regionalism and Emerging Security Challenges in West Africa. Distinguished Persons Lecture Series 4 presented to National Institute for Security Studies, Abuja, Nigeria.
Osaghae, E. E. (2001). Regionalism and Emerging Security Challenges in West Africa, Distinguished Persons Lecture Series 4. National Institute for Security Studies (NISS).
Osaghae, E. E. (2022). Deepening Nigeria’s Democracy for Sustainable Development. Lead Paper presented at the 2022 Senator Abiola Ajimobi Roundtable, Occasional Paper No. 5.
Osoba, PPPS.O. (1996). Corruption in Nigeria: International Perspectives. Review of African Political Economy, 23(69), 371-386.
Osoba, S. O. (2010). Corruption in Nigeria: Historical Perspectives. In S. Rwekeaza (Ed.), African Public Administration. Harare, Zimbabwe.
Premium Times (2012). ICPC investigates former EFCC chairman, Farida Waziri, June 11. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/5551-icpc_investigates_former_efcc_chairman_farida_waziri.html?tztc=1
Report of International Commission of Jurist in Nigeria. (2007).
Sahara Reporters (2020). Breaking: DSS Arrests EFCC Acting Chairman, Ibrahim Magu, July 6. https://saharareporters.com/2020/07/06/breaking-dss-arrests-efcc-acting-chairman-ibrahim-magu
Sani, S. (2003). Democrats Expelling Journalists. Nigerian Tribune, Ibadan, September 16.
Sanni, K. (2022). Again, Nigeria drops in latest corruption ranking. Premium Times, January 25. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/507715-again-nigeria-drops-in-tis-latest-corruption-ranking.html?tztc=1
Santas, T., & Ogoshi, J. D. (2016). An Appraisal of Mass Media Role in Consolidating Democracy in Nigeria. African Research Review, 10(1), January.
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York, Anchor Books.
Soyinka, W. (2010). An address during a public protest on the absence of the president, in Abuja.
Suberu, R. T. (2001). ‘Can Nigeria’s New Democracy Survive?’ Current History, (May).
Transparency International Report. (2006). Retrieved from www.transparency/org.news/features/nigeria
Transparency International. (2006). Anti-Corruption Conventions in Africa: What Civil Society can do to Make it Work. Transparency International, Berlin.
Umaru, U. (2020). Corruption: A Theoretical and Conceptual Review. In Corruption and Public Administration in Nigeria: Theoretical and Empirical Reviews (pp.109-132). Mike-B Press and Publication Nigeria Limited.
Varshney, A. (1998). Indian Defies the Odds: Why Democracy Survives. Journal of Democracy, 9(3), July.
Welch, C. E., (Jr.). (1955). Civil Military Agonies in Nigeria: Pains of an unaccomplished Transition. Armed Forces and Society, 21(4), Summer.
Wit, D. (1953). Comparative Political Institutions: A study of Modern Democratic and Dictatorial Systems. New York: Hold Rinehart and Winston.
World Bank (2009). Corruption in Nigeria.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/13296
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Canadian Social Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Reminder
- How to do online submission to another Journal?
- If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:
1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author
- Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.
2. Submission
Online Submission: http://cscanada.org/index.php/css/submission/wizard
- Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.
- We only use four mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases: caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.org
Articles published in Canadian Social Science are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).
Canadian Social Science Editorial Office
Address: 1020 Bouvier Street, Suite 400, Quebec City, Quebec, G2K 0K9, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org
E-mail:caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net
Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture