Special Congressmen: Representative Democracy in Early 20th-Century China

Quanyu LIN

Abstract


Special congressmen are a special category born out of the practice of representative democracy in China at the beginning of the twentieth century. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, quota members were reserved in the Qing government’s laws for non-Northeast Chinese bannermen. During the Republic of China period, quota members gradually became a political symbol, representing the pursuit of the right to participate in politics by different interest groups in China at that time. The conceptual change of the phrase “special congressmen” mirrors the political changes of the late Qing and early Republican periods, and microcosmically represents the political and legal environment of China at that time.


Keywords


Special congressmen; Representative system; Political participation; Equality

Full Text:

PDF

References


A message from a Fujianese in Shanghai to the Governor of Fujian Province. (1912, May 17). Shibao, 1.

A message from the gentlemen of the province of Zhili. (1909, December 20). Shibao, 3.

Businessmen demands for additional election of congressmen. (1913, January 23). Shenbao, 7.

Establishment of consultative councils in each province. (1908, December 31). Shenbao, 2.

Gao, F. Q. (1907). Consultation bureau charter. The Commercial Press.

No additional councilor quota for traders. (1909, October 25). Shenbao, 3.

Petition by Wen Pu and others, members of the Manchurian Peoples’ Progressive Association. (1912, August 6). Shenbao, 2.

Qing government conducts constitutional building in Mongolia and Tibetan areas. (1909, April 24). Shengjingshibao, 3.

The people live in Jinzhou demand special congressmen. (1911, August 9). Xinwenbao, 1.

There have been calls for special elections. (1912, June 11). Shishixinbao, 1.

Zhi, N. (1912). Comments off on central society elects senators. Independent Weekly News, 1(1), 9-10.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/13096

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Canadian Social Science

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Reminder

  • How to do online submission to another Journal?
  • If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:

1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author

  • Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.

2. Submission

Online Submission: http://cscanada.org/index.php/css/submission/wizard

  • Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.
  • We only use four mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases: caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.net; ccc@cscanada.org

 Articles published in Canadian Social Science are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).

 

Canadian Social Science Editorial Office

Address: 1020 Bouvier Street, Suite 400, Quebec City, Quebec, G2K 0K9, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138 
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org 
E-mail:caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net

Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture